Abaqulunqi bezinto ezithambileyo bahlala bebuzwa umbuzo, ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ifenitshala kwigumbi, kuya kwenza ukuba umoya wegumbi utshintshe, yintoni ekufuneka ikhethwe ukuyitshintsha?
Impendulo idla ngokuba "isitulo".
Ke namhlanje siza kufunda malunga nokuba yintoni isitulo seenkosi zakudala kwimbali ~
1.Wassily Chair
Umyili: Marcel Breuer
Unyaka woyilo: 1925
USihlalo we-Wassily, owadalwa kwi-1925, yenzelwe ngumyili owaziwayo waseHungary uMarcel Breuer.Esi sisitulo sepali sokuqala sikaBreuer, kwaye isitulo sokuqala sepali emhlabeni.
Isitulo sikaWassily sikhaphukhaphu kwaye sinobubele ngokwemilo, silula kwisakhiwo kwaye sisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.Ngombala oqinileyo wobugcisa bomatshini, isakhelo esiphambili senziwe nge-welding, eyenza uyilo lube njengomatshini.Ngokukodwa, ibhanti lisetyenziswa njenge-handrail, efana ngokupheleleyo nebhanti lokuhambisa kumatshini.I-backrest imisiwe kwi-axis ethe tye, eyongeza ingqiqo yokuhamba kumatshini.
Isitulo sikaWassily, esiphefumlelwe yibhayisekile ebizwa ngokuba yi-Adler, yirekhodi yokuqala yoyilo lwesitulo emhlabeni, ngembeko yenkosi ye-abstract art Wassily.UKandinsky, utitshala kaMarshall, wabiza isitulo isitulo sikaWassily.Isitulo sikaWassily sibizwa ngokuba luphawu lwesitulo sentsimbi yentsimbi yenkulungwane yama-20, ifanitshala yanamhlanje enguvulindlela.Olu hlobo lutsha lwefanitshala kungekudala lwatshayela ihlabathi.
1.Chandigarh isitulo
Umyili: Pierre Jeanneret
Unyaka woyilo: malunga ne-1955
Isitulo seChandigarh sesona situlo sifotwe kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo.Igama layo livela kwisixeko esitsha saseIndiya.Malunga ne-1955, umyili odumileyo waseSweden uPierre Gennaray wabuzwa nguLe Corbusier ukuba ancede ukwakhiwa kweSixeko saseChandigarh eIndiya, kwaye wacela ukuba ayile isitulo sabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente.
Ngelishwa, isitulo seChandigarh sashiywa kakhulu njengoko abantu bendawo bekhetha uyilo lwangoku.Ekubeni ishiywe ezintabeni kuso sonke isixeko, idla ngokuthengiswa njengenkunkuma ngeerupee nje ezimbalwa.
Ngo-1999, usihlalo we-Chandigarh wamashumi eminyaka, owayegwetyelwe ukufa, wabona ubutyebi bakhe buguquka kakhulu.Usomashishini ongumFrentshi uthenge inani elikhulu lezitulo ezilahliweyo kwaye wazihlaziya ukuze zisetyenziswe kwifandesi.Yiyo loo nto isitulo seChandigal sibuyele emfanekisweni.
Kamva, uCassina, uphawu lwefenitshala edumileyo yase-Italiya, wasebenzisa indibaniselwano efanayo yeteki kunye nomdiliya ukuphinda aprinte uSihlalo we-Chandigarh kwaye wayibiza ngokuba nguSihlalo we-Ofisi ye-051 Capitol Complex.
Kule mihla, izitulo ze-Chandigarh zifunwa kakhulu ngabaqokeleli, abayili kunye nabathandi befenitshala, kwaye ziye zaba zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo kuyilo lwekhaya olunesitayile kunye nencasa.
1.Usihlalo waseBarcelona
Umyili: uLudwig Mies van der Rohe
Unyaka woyilo: 1929
Isitulo esidumileyo seBarcelona esadalwa ngo-1929 yinkosi yaseJamani uMies van der Rohe, yindlu yakudala yoyilo lwefenitshala yanamhlanje, ethathwa njengenye yezihlalo eziphambili zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwaye iqokelelwe ziimyuziyam ezininzi ezikumgangatho wehlabathi.
Usihlalo we-Barcelona wayilwa ngu-Mies ngokukodwa kwi-pavilion yaseJamani kwi-1929 ye-Barcelona Exposition, eyathi yanikezelwa njengesipho sezopolitiko esivela eJamani kuKumkani kunye noKumkanikazi waseSpain oweza ukusungula umthendeleko.
Isakhiwo esiphambili sesihlalo se-Barcelona yi-cushion yangempela yesikhumba exhaswa yifreyimu yensimbi engenasici, enesakhiwo esihle kunye nemigca egudileyo.Ngelo xesha, usihlalo weBarcelona owenziwe ngu-Mies wawuphantsi kwesandla, isakhiwo sakhe sabangela ukuvakalelwa okukhulu ngelo xesha.Esi situlo sikwakwingqokelela yeemyuziyam ezininzi.
3. Isitulo seqanda
Umyili: Arne Jacobsen
Unyaka woyilo: 1958
Isitulo seqanda, esiyilwe nguJacobson ngo-1958. Ukususela ngoko, yaba ngumzekelo kunye nesampuli yoyilo lwendlu yaseDenmark.Isitulo samaqanda sasiyilelwe indawo yokwamkela iindwendwe kunye nendawo yokwamkela iRoyal Hotel yaseCopenhagen, kwaye isengabonwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo 606.
I-egg chair, ebizwa ngokuba yi-eggshell egudileyo, i-eggshell ephukileyo, iphinda iguqulelwe i-armchair yaseGeorgia, kunye ne-flair ethile yamazwe ngamazwe.
Isitulo samaqanda sinemilo eyodwa eyenza indawo engaphazamisekiyo kumsebenzisi-- ilungele ukulala okanye ukulinda, njengekhaya.Isitulo samaqanda siyilwe ngokobunjineli bomzimba womntu, umntu uhlala kamnandi, unobuhle kwaye kulula.
1.Diamond Usihlalo
Umyili: Harry Bertoia
Unyaka woyilo: 1950
Ngeminyaka yee-1950, umkroli kunye nomyili uHarry Bertoia wayila ifenitshala eyenziwe eUnited States.Eyona mpumelelo yolu yilo sisitulo sedayimane.Isitulo sedayimani sesona situlo sakuqala esenziwe ngentsimbi yokuwelda, kuba imilo ethanda idayimani ibizwa ngegama.Ifana ngakumbi nomkroli, umsebenzi wobugcisa, kungekuphela nje kwizinto eziphathekayo nangemo, kodwa nangendlela.
Umyili ngokwenene wayisebenzisa njengomfanekiso oqingqiweyo wale mihla.UBetoia Bertoia wakha wathi, "Xa ujonga izitulo, zingumoya nje, njengemifanekiso eqingqiweyo edityaniswe nendawo yonke."Ngoko kungakhathaliseki ukuba ibekwe phi, inokugxininisa ingcamango yendawo kakuhle.
Enyanisweni, kukho amakhulu ezitulo eziphambili.Namhlanje sabelana ngezi zitulo zi-5 eziphambili kuqala.Ndiyathemba ukuba uya kuzonwabela ezi zitulo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2022